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An engine, otherwise known as a motor, is a tool that transforms energy into functional mechanical motion. Motors which transform heat energy into motion are referred to as engines. Engines come in various types like for example external and internal combustion. An internal combustion engine typically burns a fuel along with air and the resulting hot gases are used for creating power. Steam engines are an illustration of external combustion engines. They use heat to generate motion together with a separate working fluid.
The electric motor takes electrical energy and generates mechanical motion through different electromagnetic fields. This is a common type of motor. Several kinds of motors function by non-combustive chemical reactions, other kinds could use springs and be driven by elastic energy. Pneumatic motors function through compressed air. There are other styles based on the application required.
Internal combustion engines or ICEs
An ICE occurs when the combustion of fuel mixes with an oxidizer inside a combustion chamber. In an internal combustion engine, the increase of high pressure gases combined along with high temperatures results in applying direct force to some engine components, for instance, nozzles, pistons or turbine blades. This particular force generates useful mechanical energy by moving the component over a distance. Typically, an ICE has intermittent combustion as seen in the popular 2- and 4-stroke piston motors and the Wankel rotating motor. Most rocket engines, jet engines and gas turbines fall into a second class of internal combustion motors referred to as continuous combustion, which happens on the same previous principal described.
External combustion engines like Stirling or steam engines differ very much from internal combustion engines. External combustion engines, where the energy is delivered to a working fluid such as pressurized water, liquid sodium and hot water or air that are heated in some type of boiler. The working fluid is not combined with, having or contaminated by combustion products.
The styles of ICEs obtainable nowadays come along with many strengths and weaknesses. An internal combustion engine powered by an energy dense fuel would distribute efficient power-to-weight ratio. Even though ICEs have succeeded in several stationary applications, their real strength lies in mobile applications. Internal combustion engines dominate the power supply used for vehicles such as aircraft, cars, and boats. Several hand-held power gadgets make use of either ICE or battery power equipments.
External combustion engines
An external combustion engine uses a heat engine wherein a working fluid, like for example steam in steam engine or gas in a Stirling engine, is heated by combustion of an external source. This combustion takes place through a heat exchanger or through the engine wall. The fluid expands and acts upon the engine mechanism which produces motion. Then, the fluid is cooled, and either compressed and used again or discarded, and cool fluid is pulled in.
Burning fuel along with the aid of an oxidizer in order to supply the heat is known as "combustion." External thermal engines could be of similar operation and configuration but make use of a heat supply from sources like for example solar, nuclear, exothermic or geothermal reactions not involving combustion.
The working fluid could be of whatever constitution. Gas is actually the most common type of working fluid, yet single-phase liquid is occasionally used. In Organic Rankine Cycle or in the case of the steam engine, the working fluid changes phases between liquid and gas.
