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A torque converter in modern usage, is commonly a fluid coupling that is utilized in order to transfer rotating power from a prime mover, like for example an electric motor or an internal combustion engine, to a rotating driven load. Like a basic fluid coupling, the torque converter takes the place of a mechanical clutch. This enables the load to be separated from the main power source. A torque converter can offer the equivalent of a reduction gear by being able to multiply torque when there is a significant difference between output and input rotational speed.
The most common type of torque converter used in car transmissions is the fluid coupling type. In the 1920s there was likewise the Constantinesco or otherwise known as pendulum-based torque converter. There are various mechanical designs for constantly variable transmissions which could multiply torque. Like for instance, the Variomatic is one kind that has expanding pulleys and a belt drive.
A fluid coupling is a 2 element drive that cannot multiply torque. A torque converter has an additional element that is the stator. This alters the drive's characteristics all through times of high slippage and generates an increase in torque output.
Within a torque converter, there are at least of three rotating elements: the turbine, so as to drive the load, the impeller which is driven mechanically driven by the prime mover and the stator. The stator is between the impeller and the turbine so that it could alter oil flow returning from the turbine to the impeller. Traditionally, the design of the torque converter dictates that the stator be stopped from rotating under whatever situation and this is where the word stator starts from. Actually, the stator is mounted on an overrunning clutch. This particular design prevents the stator from counter rotating with respect to the prime mover while still enabling forward rotation.
Adjustments to the basic three element design have been integrated at times. These adjustments have proven worthy especially in application where higher than normal torque multiplication is considered necessary. Most commonly, these alterations have taken the form of many stators and turbines. Each set has been designed to generate differing amounts of torque multiplication. Various instances consist of the Dynaflow that utilizes a five element converter in order to generate the wide range of torque multiplication considered necessary to propel a heavy vehicle.
Different auto converters consist of a lock-up clutch to reduce heat and in order to improve the cruising power and transmission effectiveness, even though it is not strictly part of the torque converter design. The application of the clutch locks the impeller to the turbine. This causes all power transmission to be mechanical which eliminates losses related with fluid drive.
